By examining both of these dimensions through an ethnographic study, I address the challenges faced by individuals who attempt to define their place in the new order and express their identities in the context of broader socio-economic and political transformations. Socio-economic inequalities have also widened in the postsocialist era, but these trends receive less public attention. Today there is a growing public awareness of ‘cultural’ – in most cases equated with ethnic and religious – differences. Old and newly emerging pluralisms have increasingly been publicly acknowledged since the fall of communism, which had enforced uniformity in the public sphere and promoted an ideology of egalitarianism. While religious belonging seems to be important in maintaining social boundaries, sociological indicators show a relative uniformity of religiosity across different ethnic and religious groups. My aim in this thesis is to contribute to an understanding of the increased religious activity in Romania and to answer some of the following questions: What role does religion play in people’s everyday life in Romania today? How should intensification and differentiation of religious activities be understood? What are the implication of this heightened salience of religiosity on social integration, tolerance, and civility in postsocialist Romania? How can differences in religious choices be explained with regard to the changing social position of individuals and groups in postsocialist Romania? At the most general level, I am concerned with the role of religion in the construction of social divisions in postsocialist Romania.
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